MaxScale is an intelligent database proxy developed by MariaDB Corporation. MaxScale is free and open source under Business Source License (BSL). MaxScale extends the high availability, load-balancing, scalability and security of MariaDB server and it simplifies the application development by decoupling it from underlying database infrastructure.
In our previous post “Install MariaDB Galera Cluster on CentOS 7”, we have configured a two node MariaDB cluster on CentOS 7 server using Galera. In this article, we will install and configure MariaDB MaxScale database proxy for our Galera cluster.
| Reading Advice: | Migrating to MariaDB: Toward an Open Source Database Solution |
System Specification:
We will use the same MariaDB Galera cluster that we have configured in our previous post. Besides Galera cluster, we have also provisioned a virtual machine with following specification. This new virtual machine is used as the MaxScale database proxy for our MariaDB Galera cluster.
- Hostname - maxscale.example.com
- IP Address - 192.168.116.80/24
- CPU - 2.4 Ghz (2 cores)
- Memory - 1 GB
- Operating System - CentOS 7.6
Install MariaDB MaxScale on CentOS 7:
Connect to arbitrary node maxscale.example.com using ssh.
Install MariaDB and MaxScale yum repositories.
[root@maxscale ~]# curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | bash
[info] Repository file successfully written to /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo.
[info] Adding trusted package signing keys...
[info] Succeessfully added trusted package signing keys.
Build yum cache.
[root@maxscale ~]# yum makecache fast
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.ges.net.pk
* extras: mirrors.ges.net.pk
* updates: mirrors.ges.net.pk
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
mariadb-main | 2.9 kB 00:00
mariadb-maxscale | 2.4 kB 00:00
mariadb-tools | 2.9 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
(1/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 156 kB 00:01
(2/5): mariadb-tools/7/x86_64/primary_db | 11 kB 00:02
(3/5): mariadb-maxscale/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.7 kB 00:02
(4/5): mariadb-main/7/x86_64/primary_db | 50 kB 00:03
(5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.4 MB 00:04
Metadata Cache Created
Install MariaDB MaxScale using yum command.
[root@maxscale ~]# yum install -y maxscale
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ges.net.pk
* extras: mirrors.ges.net.pk
* updates: mirrors.ges.net.pk
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package maxscale.x86_64 0:2.3.3-1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.28(GNUTLS_3_1_0)(64bit) for package: maxscale-2.3.3-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.28(GNUTLS_3_0_0)(64bit) for package: maxscale-2.3.3-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.28(GNUTLS_1_4)(64bit) for package: maxscale-2.3.3-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.28()(64bit) for package: maxscale-2.3.3-1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gnutls.x86_64 0:3.3.29-8.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: trousers >= 0.3.11.2 for package: gnutls-3.3.29-8.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnettle.so.4()(64bit) for package: gnutls-3.3.29-8.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libhogweed.so.2()(64bit) for package: gnutls-3.3.29-8.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.14-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
maxscale x86_64 2.3.3-1 mariadb-maxscale 23 M
Installing for dependencies:
gnutls x86_64 3.3.29-8.el7 base 680 k
nettle x86_64 2.7.1-8.el7 base 327 k
trousers x86_64 0.3.14-2.el7 base 289 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 24 M
Installed size: 94 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): trousers-0.3.14-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 289 kB 00:03
(2/4): nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 327 kB 00:04
(3/4): gnutls-3.3.29-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 680 kB 00:04
(4/4): maxscale-2.3.3-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm | 23 MB 01:43
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 239 kB/s | 24 MB 01:43
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64 1/4
Installing : trousers-0.3.14-2.el7.x86_64 2/4
Installing : gnutls-3.3.29-8.el7.x86_64 3/4
Installing : maxscale-2.3.3-1.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : gnutls-3.3.29-8.el7.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : trousers-0.3.14-2.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : maxscale-2.3.3-1.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : nettle-2.7.1-8.el7.x86_64 4/4
Installed:
maxscale.x86_64 0:2.3.3-1
Dependency Installed:
gnutls.x86_64 0:3.3.29-8.el7 nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-8.el7
trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.14-2.el7
Complete!
Now connect to an instance of MariaDB Galera Cluster and create a user for monitoring and authentication by MaxScale. (Since, our nodes have formed a cluster, therefore, we only need to execute the following commands once on any node).
[root@mariadb-01 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.12-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
Execute following commands to create a MaxScale user with necessary privileges to perform it's function properly.
MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'maxscale'@'192.168.116.80' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant select on mysql.user to 'maxscale'@'192.168.116.80';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.041 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant select on mysql.db to 'maxscale'@'192.168.116.80';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant select on mysql.tables_priv to 'maxscale'@'192.168.116.80';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.043 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant show databases on *.* to 'maxscale'@'192.168.116.80';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)
Create a user with privileges to remotely connect from any machine. This user will be used by our application to connect to MariaDB Galera cluster.
MariaDB [(none)]> create user ahmer@'%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant show databases on *.* to ahmer@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
Now, connect to maxscale.example.com and configure MaxScale database proxy.
Edit MaxScale configurations.
[root@maxscale ~]# mv /etc/maxscale.cnf /etc/maxscale.cnf.old
[root@maxscale ~]# vi /etc/maxscale.cnf
and add following directives. (Please refer to MaxScale Documentation for more information about MaxScale configuration parameters)
#Global MaxScale Settings
[maxscale]
threads=auto
#Define Server Nodes
[mariadb-01]
type=server
address=192.168.116.81
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend
[mariadb-02]
type=server
address=192.168.116.82
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend
#Define Monitoring Service
[Galera-Monitor]
type=monitor
module=galeramon
servers=mariadb-01,mariadb-02
user=maxscale
password=123
monitor_interval=1000
#Define Galera Service
[Galera-Service]
type=service
router=readconnroute
router_options=synced
servers=mariadb-01,mariadb-02
user=maxscale
password=123
#Define Galera Listener
[Galera-Listener]
type=listener
service=Galera-Service
protocol=MariaDBClient
port=4306
#Define Administration Service
[MaxAdmin-Service]
type=service
router=cli
#Define Administration Listener
[MaxAdmin-Listener]
type=listener
service=MaxAdmin-Service
protocol=maxscaled
socket=default
Allow Service Port in Linux Firewall.
[root@maxscale ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=4306/tcp
success
[root@maxscale ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
Start and enable MaxScale service.
[root@maxscale ~]# systemctl start maxscale.service
[root@maxscale ~]# systemctl enable maxscale.service
Make some connections from clients to Galera Cluster using ahmer user via MaxScale database proxy.
[root@client-01 ~]# mysql -h maxscale.example.com -P 4306 -u ahmer -p
Connect to maxscale.example.com using ssh, and use maxadmin command to see status of connections to MariaDB Galera Cluster.
[root@maxscale ~]# maxadmin
MaxScale> list servers
Servers.
-------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------
Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status
-------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------
mariadb-01 | 192.168.116.81 | 3306 | 2 | Slave, Synced, Running
mariadb-02 | 192.168.116.82 | 3306 | 3 | Master, Synced, Running
-------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------
MaxScale>
The above command shows the status of nodes in MariaDB Galera cluster including the active connections and replication status. You can use help command to get help on a maxadmin command or refer to maxadmin documentation for complete reference.
We have successfully install MariaDB MaxScale database proxy on CentOS 7 server.
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