DNS, or Domain Name System, is like the Internet's phonebook, translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example,
google.com
is translated to the 216.58.214.238
IPv4 address, and 2a00:1450:400d:808::200e
IPv6 address. This way the domain name can change the IP address without affecting its users, and without changing the its name.The DNS cache (or DNS resolver cache) is a temporary database that stores these records, which is used to quickly lookup a website when you're trying to visit it.
If the DNS is cached, you might not be able to access some hostnames that were changed recently - until your DNS cache is updated or cleared, that's why it's useful in some situations to flush / clear the DNS cache. After the DNS cache is cleared, the new addresses are taken from the DNS server set for your network.
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