COMPUTER NETWORKS - II
(GLIMPSES)
(Ref : Content taken from Dhanpatrai & Co.(p) Ltd for XII students )
Microware and Radiowave are two unguided media.IoT stands for Internet of Things. It is a network using which devices with some sensor and RFID like technologies, known as things can communicate with each other using internet.
Carrier Wave and Modulated wave : the high frequency wave whose characteristics are altered to superimpose message information, is the carrier wave and after altering the characteristics, the new resultant wave is called the modulated wave.
CSMA/CA : Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance is a media access protocol that is used by wireless networks to avoid collisions during information transmission.
IPv4 addresses are represented by dotted decimal numbers and 32 bits in length .
IPv6 addresses are represented by hexadecimal notation numbers, 128 bit number
Single Bit Error means that only one bit of a given data unit is changed from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1 during transmission of data.
Burst error means that 2 or more bits in the data unit have changed from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1 during transmission of data.
Traceroute is a networking command traces the route through the Internet from sending device to the destination computer. the signal generally goes from computer to the ISP and then to their provider until it reaches a 'backbone' provider.
Whois is a networking command is used to find the registration records for specific domain name such as who is the owner of this domain name, when was it registered and till when it is valid.etc.,
Resource Sharing, Reliability, Reduced Costs and Fast Communication are advantages of networking.
Collision is a specific condition that occurs when two or more nodes on a network transmitted data at the same time. Also hamper the overall performance of the network collisions often lead to more
retransmissions,
Even Parity Bit where the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of bits is odd. The extra parity bit will make the number of 1s even. e.g. we have data 0101010, then even parity becomes 01010101
Odd parity bit where the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of bits is even. The extra parity bit will make the number of 1s odd.e.g. we have data 0101010, then odd parity becomes 01010100
Checksum is an error detection technique used for checking errors in the received data. In this at the transmitter's end, as the device transmitsdata, it takes the sum of all the data elements, it is transmitting to create an aggregate sum. this sum is called datasum. The overflow carries generated by the additions are added back into the datasum. the transmitting device then sends a form of this datasum appednded to the end of the block. this new form of the datasum is called checksum.
PING is a network tool which sends signals(packets) to another computer on the Internet to see if they send a return or an echo. If all the signals time out or no response is received, the computer may be disconnected from the internet or server. ping www.edupillar.com gives the connectivity
C:\Users\GDGIS>ping 121.125.120.1
Pinging 121.125.120.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 121.125.120.1: bytes=32 time=295ms TTL=111
Reply from 121.125.120.1: bytes=32 time=274ms TTL=111
Reply from 121.125.120.1: bytes=32 time=263ms TTL=111
Reply from 121.125.120.1: bytes=32 time=271ms TTL=111
Ping statistics for 121.125.120.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 263ms, Maximum = 295ms, Average = 275ms
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